SECTION 1: TAYLOR & FRANCIS FORMAT GUIDELINES

All manuscripts submitted to Taylor & Francis (T&F) must adhere to the following formatting standards. These guidelines ensure manuscripts are submission-ready and consistent with journal requirements across all T&F publications.

1.1 General Page Layout

1.2 Typography & Text Formatting

1.3 Title Page Structure

The title page must contain the following elements in order:

• Article title — bold, title case, initial capitals for proper nouns
• Author name(s) — full names, no titles (Dr./Prof./Mr./Ms.)
• Affiliation(s) — institution, department, city, country
• Corresponding author details — name, email address
• ORCID iDs — if available (free registration at orcid.org)
• Abstract — 150–250 words (see §1.4)
• Keywords — 4–6 keywords (see §1.5)

1.4 Abstract Requirements

The abstract must be self-contained and not contain references or undefined abbreviations.

1.5 Keywords

Unless the specific journal states otherwise, supply 4–6 keywords. Keywords should:

• Reflect the main topics of the paper
• Not duplicate words already in the title
• Be listed below the abstract, separated by semicolons or commas

1.6 Heading Levels

1.7 In-Text Citations & References

Taylor & Francis journals support multiple reference styles depending on the journal. Common styles include:

• APA (Author-Date) — social sciences, education, psychology
• Chicago (Author-Date or Notes-Bibliography) — humanities
• NLM/Vancouver (Numbered) — medical and health sciences
• AMS — mathematics
• ACS — chemistry

General reference rules:

• Do not use first or second person in the body text
• Statistical symbols using English characters are italicized (e.g., p, F, r, n)
• Do not use a zero before a decimal point in numbers that cannot exceed 1 (e.g., p = .042)
• Use a zero before a decimal point when the statistic can exceed 1 (e.g., M = 0.45)
• Slashes in text: place a space before and after (e.g., this / or that)

1.8 Figures & Tables

1.9 Equations & Mathematics

• Center all equations on the page
• Number equations consecutively in parentheses at the right margin: (1), (2), etc.
• Embed fonts within text and figures
• Review all mathematical symbols to confirm correctness
• If an equation must wrap, break at a logical point — do not extend into the margin
• Superscript symbols must appear above the line; subscripts below
• All parentheses and brackets must be correctly matched

1.10 Supplementary Materials & Data Sharing

From April 2021, all new T&F publications are encouraged to adhere to the T&F Data Sharing Policy. Authors may:

• Share research data in a public repository and cite it in the references
• Use a Data Availability Statement in the manuscript
• Submit supplementary files alongside the main manuscript

1.11 Spelling, Punctuation & Language

• Choose either UK or US English and apply consistently throughout
• Abbreviations/acronyms: spell out at first mention unless universally known
• Trademarked brand names: capitalise if used; prefer generic terms where possible
• Generative AI: authors may use AI tools but must be transparent and ethically responsible; AI cannot be listed as an author

1.12 Submission Checklist

Authors should confirm the following before submitting:

• Manuscript follows the target journal’s/ Conference Instructions for Authors (IFA)
• Title page complete (title, authors, affiliations, ORCID, correspondence)
• Abstract within word limit; keywords supplied
• All figures/tables are cited in the text and labelled correctly
• References formatted in the correct style for the journal
• Permissions obtained for any third-party material
• Similarity checks complete (overall < 15%; single source < 5%)
• Copyright / consent forms completed

SECTION 2: LaTeX TEMPLATES (TAYLOR & FRANCIS)

Taylor & Francis provides official LaTeX templates based on the ‘Interact’ class file. These templates are freely available via Overleaf and the T&F website.

2.1 Overview of the Interact Class File

The T&F ‘Interact’ layout style is implemented as a LaTeX 2ε class file (interact.cls) based on the standard article document class. A BibTeX bibliography style file and sample bibliography are included.

2.2 Available LaTeX Template Variants (by Reference Style)

Taylor & Francis provides multiple LaTeX template variants depending on the citation/reference style required by the target journal. All are available on Overleaf:

2.3 Where to Download LaTeX Templates

2.4 Setting Up the LaTeX Template

Step-by-step instructions for authors:

1. Download interact.cls and copy it into the same directory as your manuscript .tex file (no need to install it into your TeX distribution).
2. Replace \documentclass{article} with \documentclass[]{interact} at the beginning of your document.
3. Use the sample .tex file (e.g., interactnlmsample.tex or interactapasample.tex) as your starting template — cut, paste, insert, and delete text as appropriate.
4. Add the epstopdf package if using PDFLaTeX with .eps figures: \usepackage{epstopdf}
5. For double spacing (if required by the journal), uncomment: \usepackage[doublespacing]{setspace}
6. Gather all author-defined macros in the preamble (before \begin{document}).
7. Submit: LaTeX source file(s), interact.cls, all graphics files, and the final PDF to the journal’s ScholarOne Manuscripts or Editorial Manager site.

2.5 Key LaTeX Environments & Commands

2.6 LaTeX Figures: Source File Requirements

When submitting the final revised manuscript:

• Provide original .eps source files (not generated PDFs) for production
• Ensure lettering size in figures is suitable for anticipated reductions
• Use epstopdf package to incorporate .eps files in PDFLaTeX compilation
• Figures are numbered by chapter+figure (e.g., Figure 4.1) in books

2.7 Common LaTeX Troubleshooting

SECTION 3: MS WORD TEMPLATES (TAYLOR & FRANCIS)

Taylor & Francis provides free Microsoft Word templates for authors submitting to T&F and Routledge journals. These templates pre-define styles (fonts, spacing, headings) to speed up formatting.

3.1 Overview

3.2 Where to Download Word Templates

3.3 Structure of Word Templates

The T&F Word templates pre-define the following styles, which authors apply via the Style toolbar or keyboard shortcuts:

3.4 How to Use the Word Template

8. Download the template file and save it to your hard drive.
9. Open the file by clicking its icon in Windows Explorer (NOT from within Word) — this ensures it opens as a template correctly.
10. Read the instructions file that accompanies the template to understand how to save it and apply styles.
11. Paste your manuscript content into the template, replacing the placeholder text.
12. Apply styles using the Style dropdown toolbar or keyboard shortcuts.
13. For special characters: use Insert > Symbol; choose Times New Roman for European/Latin characters and Arial Unicode for Asian languages.
14. Save the final manuscript as .doc or .docx for submission to the journal’s online submission system.

3.5 Word Formatting Quick Reference

3.6 Word-Specific Notes on Special Content

Mathematical Equations in Word

• Use Microsoft Equation Editor or Math Type for all equations
• Do not use images for equations
• Number equations consecutively at the right margin

Figures & Images in Word

• Embed figures at the correct position in the document for review
• Provide original high-resolution image files separately for production
• Minimum 300 dpi for photographs; 600–1200 dpi for line art
• All images must be original or have permissions obtained

Tables in Word

• Use Word’s table tool — do not submit tables as images
• Do not scan tables
• Tables may be placed within the chapter text

3.7 Format-Free Submission

An increasing number of Taylor & Francis journals operate format-free submission. This means:

• Authors can submit without strictly formatting to journal guidelines at the initial review stage
• The manuscript must still be consistent, readable, and include all required content
• Standard citation format must be used throughout
• Check the journal’s IFA on T&F Online to confirm whether format-free is accepted

SECTION 4: QUICK REFERENCE SUMMARY FOR WEBSITE

The following summary tables can be used as the basis for the ‘Call for Papers’ formatting section on the conference website.

4.1 Key Format Requirements at a Glance

4.2 Template Download Links for Website